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Home/Polity/Constitution of India

Constitution of India

Adopted

26 Nov 1949

Came Into Force

26 Jan 1950

PART I

The Union and its Territory

Articles 1 TO 4

Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union

Article 2: Admission or establishment of new States

Article 3: Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States

Article 4: Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters

PART II

Citizenship

Articles 5 TO 11

Article 5: Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution

Article 6: Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan

Article 7: Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan

Article 8: Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India

Article 9: Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens

PART III

Fundamental Rights

Articles 12 TO 35

Article 12: Definition of State

Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Article 14: Equality before law

Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

PART IV

Directive Principles of State Policy

Articles 36 TO 51

Article 36: Definition of State

Article 37: Application of the principles contained in this Part

Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people

Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State

Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid

PART IVA

Fundamental Duties

Articles 51A

Article 51A: Fundamental duties of every citizen of India

PART V

The Union

Articles 52 TO 151

Article 52: The President of India

Article 53: Executive power of the Union

Article 54: Election of President

Article 55: Manner of election of President

Article 56: Term of office of President

PART VI

The States

Articles 152 TO 237

Article 152: Definition of State

Article 153: Governors of States

Article 154: Executive power of State

Article 155: Appointment of Governor

Article 156: Term of office of Governor

PART VII

The States in Part B of the First Schedule

Articles 238 [Repealed]

Article 238: [Repealed by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956]

PART VIII

The Union Territories

Articles 239 TO 242

Article 239: Administration of Union territories

Article 239A: Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories

Article 239AA: Special provisions with respect to Delhi

Article 239AB: Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery

Article 239B: Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature

PART IX

The Panchayats

Articles 243 TO 243O

Article 243: Definitions

Article 243A: Gram Sabha

Article 243B: Constitution of Panchayats

Article 243C: Composition of Panchayats

Article 243D: Reservation of seats

PART IXA

The Municipalities

Articles 243P TO 243ZG

Article 243P: Definitions

Article 243Q: Constitution of Municipalities

Article 243R: Composition of Municipalities

Article 243S: Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.

Article 243T: Reservation of seats

PART IXB

The Co-operative Societies

Articles 243ZH TO 243ZT

Article 243ZH: Definitions

Article 243ZI: Incorporation of co-operative societies

Article 243ZJ: Number and term of members of board and its office bearers

Article 243ZK: Election of members of board

Article 243ZL: Supersession and suspension of board and interim management

PART X

The Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Articles 244 TO 244A

Article 244: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas

Article 244A: Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam

PART XI

Relations between the Union and the States

Articles 245 TO 263

Article 245: Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States

Article 246: Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States

Article 246A: Special provision with respect to goods and services tax

Article 247: Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts

Article 248: Residuary powers of legislation

PART XII

Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Articles 264 TO 300A

Article 264: Interpretation

Article 265: Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law

Article 266: Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States

Article 267: Contingency Fund

Article 268: Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States

PART XIII

Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India

Articles 301 TO 307

Article 301: Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse

Article 302: Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse

Article 303: Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States

Article 304: Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States

Article 305: Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies

PART XIV

Services under the Union and the States

Articles 308 TO 323

Article 308: Interpretation

Article 309: Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State

Article 310: Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State

Article 311: Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State

Article 312: All-India Services

PART XIVA

Tribunals

Articles 323A TO 323B

Article 323A: Administrative tribunals

Article 323B: Tribunals for other matters

PART XV

Elections

Articles 324 TO 329A

Article 324: Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission

Article 325: No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex

Article 326: Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage

Article 327: Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures

Article 328: Power of State Legislature to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature

PART XVI

Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

Articles 330 TO 342A

Article 330: Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People

Article 331: Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People

Article 332: Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States

Article 335: Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts

Article 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes

PART XVII

Official Language

Articles 343 TO 351

Article 343: Official language of the Union

Article 344: Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language

Article 345: Official languages or language of a State

Article 346: Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union

Article 347: Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State

PART XVIII

Emergency Provisions

Articles 352 TO 360

Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency

Article 353: Effect of Proclamation of Emergency

Article 354: Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation

Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance

Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States (President's Rule)

PART XIX

Miscellaneous

Articles 361 TO 367

Article 361: Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs

Article 361A: Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures

Article 361B: Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post

Article 362: [Repealed]

Article 363: Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.

PART XX

Amendment of the Constitution

Articles 368

Article 368: Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor

PART XXI

Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

Articles 369 TO 392

Article 369: Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List

Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir

Article 371: Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat

Article 371A: Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland

Article 371B: Special provision with respect to the State of Assam

PART XXII

Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

Articles 393 TO 395

Article 393: Short title

Article 394: Commencement

Article 394A: Authoritative text in the Hindi language

Article 395: Repeals