CDS 2025 Session 1

Consider the following statements with reference to Secondary waves (S-Waves) generated during an earthquake:

1. They create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass.
2. The direction of vibrations of S-waves is perpendicular to the wave direction in the vertical plane. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Identify the Mineral on the basis of the following characteristics relating to it: I. It is usually a greenish crystal. II. It is often found in basaltic rocks. III. Magnesium, iron and silica are its major elements. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with reference to Salt Weathering is/are correct?

1. Salt crystallisation is the most effective of all the salt weathering processes.
2. Salt crystal growth is more effective over sedimentary rocks as compared to igneous rocks. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with reference to Surface inversion of temperature is/are correct?

1. It causes instability in the lower layers of the atmosphere.
2. This inversion commonly lasts for a few hours until the Sun comes up. Select the answer using the code given below:

Identify the cloud on the basis of the following characteristics relating to it: I. They look like cotton wool. II. They exist in patches and have flat base. III. They are generally formed at a height of 4 to 7 km. Select the answer using the code given below:

Identify the type of climate on the basis of the following characteristics relating to it: I. Temperature is high throughout the year. II. Rainfall is variable with a short wet season and a longer dry season. III. Climate of Sudan and Paraguay is an example of this climate type. Select the answer using the code given below:

What is the correct sequence of the following salts in ascending order according to their presence in the sea water?

1. Calcium Carbonate
2. Calcium Sulphate
3. Magnesium Chloride Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with reference to Humus is/are correct?

1. It is a dark coloured amorphous substance.
2. Being colloidal in nature, it serves as a reservoir of nutrients. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which one among the following Biosphere Reserves is spread over three states in India?

River Danube does not flow through which one of the following capital cities in Europe?

Which of the following statements with reference to Easter Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is/are correct?

1. It is part of Polynesia group of islands.
2. It is a territory of the South American nation Chile. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which one among the following is home to the endangered mountain gorillas in Africa?

Which of the following statements with reference to Jordan is/are correct?

1. The country of Jordan was created through the British Mandate after World War I.
2. It is a landlocked country. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which one among the following places is situated close to the Pearl River Estuary in Asia?

Consider the following statements with regard to Australia:

1. The Coral Sea separates the Great Barrier Reef from the South Pacific.
2. The Great Dividing Range extends from Melbourne to Perth in Australia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What is the correct sequence of the following mountain ranges as one moves from North towards South?

1. Karakoram
2. Kunlun
3. Ladakh
4. Zaskar Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements with reference to saline soil in India is/are correct?

1. They are rich in nitrogen.
2. They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas. Select the answer using the code given below:

Salal Power Project is situated on which one among the following rivers?

Which one among the following tributaries of Indus River does not originate in the Himalayas?

As per the Annual Report 2023 – 24 of the Ministry of Mines, Government of India, which of the following are the major bauxite producing states in India?

If your image appears to be erect, no matter how far you stand from a mirror, the mirror is likely to be:

The rule that determines the direction of a magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current is:

A motorcycle has initial velocity of 5 m/s. After 3 seconds, the velocity is 7 m/s. The displacement of the motorcycle in 3 seconds is:

The minimum power required to lift a mass of 50 kg up to a vertical distance of 8 m in 10 s is: (Take g = 10 m/s²)

Which one among the following statements is not correct?

A body floats in a liquid if the buoyant force is:

A metallic sphere of mass 1 kg and volume 2 × 10⁻⁴ m³ is completely immersed in water. The buoyant force exerted by water on the sphere is: (Given: density of water = 1000 kg/m³, g = 10 m/s²)

A light bulb rated as 60 W at 220 V has a potential difference of 110 V across its ends. The power dissipated in this light bulb is:

Which one among the following is used in a simple microscope?

The force with which the Earth attracts an object is called:

Which of the following is one of the ‘three gems’ (triratna) of Jainism?

Which one among the following motifs does not appear on Harappan seals?

Which one among the following is the earliest text?

Which one of the following statements about Ashoka's inscriptions is correct?

Which one of the following statements about the Ajivikas is not correct?

Consider the following statements about the use of stirrup in India:

1. The Konarak horse sculpture (c. 1250) shows a ring-stirrup.
2. A broad, probably wooden, stirrup appears in Khajuraho sculptures (probably 10th century).
3. The iron-stirrup was used in the Delhi Sultans' armies from the thirteenth century onwards. How many of the above statements is/are correct?

In the Rig Veda Samhita, use of the terms ishukrit and isukara referred to the maker of:

Which one of the following does not refer to the bow (and arrow) as a weapon of war in ancient India?

What is the military-device referred to by the term manjaniq?

In medieval India, the process of indigo extraction underwent great improvement as a result of the:

Which one of the following is listed in the Ain-i Akbari as one of the ‘Indian sciences’ prescribed by Akbar for scholars to learn at school?

Consider the following statements about the arms used by Europeans in warfare in India:

1. The flint-lock muskets could work even in wet weather.
2. The addition of bayonet made musket a more effective and dangerous weapon in close combat.
3. The wrought-iron cannon barrels were easy to move and manoeuvre. How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Which one of the following statements about the grammarian Katyayana is correct?

Which one of the following statements about Rig Vedic goddesses is correct?

Which one of the following statements about the Buddhist Goddess Hariti is correct?

Consider the following statements about the literary language Apabhramsha:

1. It appeared in recognizable forms by the sixth century.
2. It developed out of mixtures of regional vernaculars with the Prakrits and Sanskrit. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Who composed Zainavilas, a history of the rulers of Kashmir, in the time of Zainul Abidin?

In which one of the following works has Amir Khusrau praised the climate of India, its languages, notably Sanskrit, its arts and music and even its animals?

Which one of the following works was written in early eighteenth century by the Bengali poet Rameshwar Bhattacharya?

Which one of the following present day territories was outside the limits of Ashoka's empire?

Isobars of elements have same:

Which one of the following could not be explained by Rutherford's nuclear model?

If atomic number of an element is 11, the correct name, symbol and valency are:

Which one of the following gas is used in making soft drinks?

Which one of the following is considered as a compound?

Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment on gold foil is responsible for the discovery of:

Which one of the following is a metalloid?

Which one of the following is not explained by the Dalton's atomic theory?

Which one of the following contains all Lewis acids?

Number of electrons present in the species H2+, He, H2 and O2+ respectively are:

Consider the following statements with respect to performance of the merchandise export of India in FY–2024:

1. Share of capital goods such as machinery, equipment and other durable goods decreased substantially.
2. Share of consumer goods and intermediate goods increased. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which one among the following statements about Project Nexus is correct?

While calculating the consumer price index, 'housing' as an item is classified as:

Which one among the following established the first Global Capability Centre in India?

Which of the following pairs is/are not correctly matched?

1. Global Value Chains (GVC) : International Product Sharing
2. World Integrated Trade Solutions : Database on GVC related Trade
3. Current Account Deficit (CAD) : Foreign Direct Investment Select the answer using the code given below:

How can currency depreciation stimulate an increase in net exports?

1. By reducing export costs
2. By reducing import prices Select the answer using the code given below:

Core inflation is:

In alignment with the guidelines of NEP 2020, 'Poshan bhi Padhai bhi' (PBPB) was launched under which one among the following programmes?

Which one among the following defines flexi workers in India?

Which one among the following is an integrated teacher training programme?

Which instrument is used to measure the blood pressure manually?

Myopia is also known as:

Why does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum look ‘rough’ under a microscope?

Which one among the following is not a plant hormone?

The normal systolic pressure in human beings is:

Sponges belong to which one among the following phylum?

Lactose is made up of:

The enzymes which catalyse the same reaction but have different amino acid compositions are commonly referred as:

How many Carbon atoms are present in a Pyruvate molecule?

The human eye has a point that lacks photoreceptor cells. This is identified as:

Which of the following Constitution Amendment Acts introduced GST (Goods and Services Tax) in course of inter-state trade or commerce?

Which one among the following UN agencies has received the Nobel Prize more than once?

Consider the following statements about Central Vigilance Commission (CVC):

1. Central Vigilance Commissioner is appointed by the President of India.
2. The Committee to recommend the appointment of Central Vigilance Commissioner has the Minister of Home Affairs as one of the members.
3. In certain circumstances the Leader of the single largest group in opposition in Lok Sabha can be on the Committee to recommend the appointment of Central Vigilance Commissioner. How many of the above statements is/are correct?

International Day of Democracy, as decided vide a UN General Assembly resolution, is observed on:

Which of the following statements about the NITI Aayog is/are correct?

1. Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of its Governing Council.
2. Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh is a member of its Governing Council. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements about National Commission for Women are correct?

1. It is a statutory body.
2. It has the mandate to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
3. It has the mandate to advise the Government on all policy matters affecting women. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which, amongst the following, is the latest language to be included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India?

Which one among the following states has the highest number of seats in the Council of States?

Which of the following statements about the Indus Waters Treaty is/are correct?

1. The term ‘Eastern Rivers’ means the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi taken together.
2. The term ‘Western Rivers’ means the Indus, the Jhelum and the Chenab taken together. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct as per the Constitution of India?

1. The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act has added the Right to Education to the chapter of Directive Principles of State Policy.
2. Right to Work and Right to Education are both, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. Select the answer using the code given below:

As defined in Article 12 of the Constitution of India, ‘State’ includes:

1. Parliament of India
2. State Governments
3. State Legislatures
4. Local authorities in India Select the answer using the code given below:

Which of the following descriptions with regard to Parliamentary Privilege for Members of the Parliament of India is/are correct?

1. The Speaker is empowered to refer suo moto any question of privilege for investigation
2. A question of privilege is accorded priority over other items in the List of Business
3. The privilege extends to freedom from preventive arrest or detention Select the answer using the code given below:

Which one among the following statements about an adjournment motion in the Parliament of India is not correct?

The Kyoto Protocol specifically relates to which one among the following issues?

Who among the following was responsible for demarcating the borders between India and Pakistan during the partition in 1947?

Which one among the following statements about Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, a freedom fighter, is not correct?

"Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed." This observation can be found in the Constitution of which one of the following Organs of the United Nations?

Which one among the following countries does not share its territorial boundary with Ukraine?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. First Law Commission recommended Indian Penal Code, 1860.
2. Indian Penal Code, 1860 has been completely replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements with regard to the setting up of the Backward Class Commission in India:

1. The First Backward Class Commission, set up by the Government of India, is popularly known as Kaka Kalelkar Commission.
2. The Third Backward Class Commission, set up by the Government of India, is popularly known as Mandal Commission. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which one among the following is the purpose of firewall?

Which one of the following is not an application software?

Which among the following is a malicious software?

Which one of the following is the characteristic of Artificial Intelligence?

Which organisation/institute has recently started the new initiatives such as Bharat Vidya Pariyojana, Brihattar Bharat and Nari Samvaad Prakalp?

Which one among the following educational institutions established under the Union Ministry of Culture is promoting to preserve, protect and promote Lord Buddha's teaching and value of love, compassion and non-violence for developing good moral values and practices?

"Nirbhaya Fund", a non-lapsable corpus fund, which is to be utilized for the projects specifically designed to improve the safety and security of women is administered by:

The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) launched in 2015 – 16 by the Central Government is aimed to:

When did the Union Government establish a separate 'Ministry of Cooperation' with the vision of "Sahkar Se Samriddhi"?

The Ministry of Defence, Government of India, has declared 2025 as the year of:

Which of the following statements about Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is/are correct?

1. It was launched in 2021 by the Government of India.
2. Its aim is to democratize e-commerce in India.
3. India has surpassed China in 2024 in e-retail penetration. Select the answer using the code given below:

“Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirations and Knowledge” (MANAK), a scheme under the flagship programme, Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE), caters to:

Who among the following were awarded the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024?

1. Shri Gukesh D
2. Shri Harmanpreet Singh
3. Shri Praveen Kumar
4. Ms. Manu Bhaker Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements about a prominent film personality of India: He was born in Hyderabad. He emerged in the 1970s with a series of films that challenged mainstream Bollywood. He became widely known for Bharat Ek Khoj, a landmark 53-episode television series. He directed a 2023 biopic about Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Identify the personality from the following:

“The Order of Mubarak Al-Kabeer” is the highest national award of:

Bald eagle has recently been officially declared as the national bird of which one among the following countries?

Surya Kiran is a joint military exercise between India and:

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Moidam – The Mound-Burial system of Ahom dynasty was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage list.
2. The Government of India conferred the status of classical language to Pali, Assamese, Bengali and Maithili.
3. Project PARI is an initiative of Ministry of Education. Select the answer using the code given below:

Which one of the following PSLVs, launched by ISRO, is not correctly matched with their Missions? PSLV — Mission